On September 22, 2025, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger announced their withdrawal from the International Criminal Court, calling the institution a tool of colonial oppression in the hands of imperial powers.

Senegal’s new authorities continue their efforts to break with the legacy of former president Macky Sall, particularly the pervasive corruption that has left deep political, economic, and social scars.

The Sahel states and Russia are deepening their strategic partnership, with a particular focus on military cooperation, built on shared interests to confront mounting security challenges and to shape an alliance independent of former colonial powers.

The United Arab Emirates is stepping up its strategic presence in West Africa, with its latest moves focusing on the Alliance of the Sahel States, which includes Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger.

Spain has launched a medium-term strategic plan to strengthen ties with Africa and fill the European void left by France, building on its recent balanced approach and positive reception by African nations.